定義

英語中用來表示事物的數(shù)量或順序的詞叫做數(shù)詞。

分類

基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞

1.根據(jù)數(shù)詞的特征，可將英語中的數(shù)詞分為兩大類，分別為。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序先后的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。

分數(shù)和小數(shù)

2.根據(jù)數(shù)字是否為整數(shù)，又可將它分為整數(shù)、;

定數(shù)和概數(shù)

3.根據(jù)數(shù)字所表示的數(shù)是否確定，還可以分為。

基數(shù)詞

1.基數(shù)詞從1到12是獨立的單詞，要分別記憶。

如2-two，12-twelve

2. 13到19均是在個位數(shù)后加-teen構(gòu)成。

如：13-thirteen，15-fifteen

3. 20到90表示整十的基數(shù)詞均是在個位數(shù)后加-ty構(gòu)成。

如：40-forty，90-ninety

4.表示“幾十幾”要在個位數(shù)與十位數(shù)之間加連字符“-”。

如：59 fifty-five

5.表示“幾百幾十幾”要在百位數(shù)與十位數(shù)之間加and。

如：262-two hundred and sixty-two

6.英語中沒有“萬”和“億” 這兩個數(shù)量單位，要按十進位法來推算。

如ten thousand-10000

ten million-10000000

一億-onethousandmillion

巧記基數(shù)詞口訣

1至12分別記，13至19都帶-teen，

整十后面要用-ty，

連字符用于幾十幾，

百位以上and連

略數(shù)表達

1.當(dāng)hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen等前面有具體的數(shù)詞(one, two, three…)時，后面既不能加s，也不能加介詞of。如：

There aretwothousand students in our school.

2. hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen等前面沒有具體的數(shù)詞，則在其后加s和介詞of，表不確定的數(shù)量或形容數(shù)量之多。如：

hundreds of成百的，好幾百

hundreds and hundreds of成百上千的

thousands of 數(shù)以千計的

tens of thousands of千千萬萬的

millions of數(shù)百萬的

dozens of 許多

長城是由數(shù)百萬石頭砌成的。

The Great Wall is made ofmillionsof stones.

3.若表示特定的數(shù)目，可在hundred、thousand后加of。如：

There are seven hundred students in this school.Three hundred of them / the students are girls.

該校有700名學(xué)生，其中女生有300名。

4.“another+ 基數(shù)詞 + 名詞”或“基數(shù)詞 + more + 名詞”表示在已有基礎(chǔ)上再增加一定的數(shù)量。

In another two weeks, it will be finished.

再過兩個星期，這活就完成了。

基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞是數(shù)詞的一種，在漢語中表示為“第幾”。此外，在描述日期時，也會用到序數(shù)詞。

1.一、二、三的序數(shù)詞需要特殊記憶：

one-first

two-second

three-third

2.八只加h，九去掉e后再加th：

eighth, ninth

3.五和十二先將ve變成f，再加th：

five-fifth, twelve-twelfth

4.整十的基數(shù)詞(10除外)，均將y變成ie，再加th：

twentieth, fiftieth

5.表示二十以上的基數(shù)詞只變個位數(shù)(整十除外)：

thirty-first

6.其他情況一般都是在基數(shù)詞詞尾加th：

fourh

hundredth

基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣

基變序，有規(guī)律，詞尾多加th。

一、二、三，特殊記，

詞尾字母t、d、d。

八減t，九去e，f來把ve替。

逢十改y為ie，后跟th莫忘記。

若想表示幾十幾，只變個位就可以。

分數(shù)

分數(shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞組合而成的：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞;如果分子大于1，分母則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

1/2 a / one half(一般不讀作a second，因為容易誤以為“一秒鐘”)

1/3 one third

3/5 three fifths

1/ 4 a quarter / one fourth

分數(shù)記憶口訣

英語分數(shù)不費事，

“母序分基”四個字;

分子若是大于一，

分母還須加s。

【注】分數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與后面的名詞一致：當(dāng)名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);當(dāng)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：

In our class, two fifths of the students are boys.

Three fourths / quarters of the meat has gone bad.

時間表達

時間表達法，英漢有異同;

順讀時一樣，逆讀有不同;

先分鐘后點鐘，half、quarter記心中;

三十分鐘內(nèi)，past來使用;

超過三十分，to來先前沖。

2:00 two / two o’clock

2:15 two fifteen / a quarter past two

2:30twothirty/halfpasttwo

2:40twoforty/twentytothree

年代表達

年代以十記，s加上去;

前加介詞in，定冠莫忘記。

在20世紀90年代(1990-1999)

in the 1990s或in the 1990’s

在19世紀80年代(1880-1889)

年月日

1.年份

。如：

1949年讀作nineteen forty-nine

1900年讀作nineteen hundred

1901年讀作nineteen o one

2000年讀作two thousand

2012年讀作two thousand and twelve / twenty twelve

2.可以先月后日，日要用序數(shù)詞。

如：

5月1日讀作May(the)first，寫作May 1st

3月8日讀作March(the)eighth，寫作March 8th

3.也可以先日后月，日也要用序數(shù)詞。

如：

5月2日讀作the second of May，寫作2nd May

3月3日讀作the third of March，寫作3rd March

4.年份前要用逗號隔開。

如：

1949年10月1日，可寫作 October 1st, 1949或1st October, 1949

年齡段表達

年齡段用“in + 形容詞性物主代詞 + 數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”來表示。如：

in my twenties 在我二十幾歲時(20-29)

in her sixties在她六十幾歲時(60-69)

Marx began to learn foreign languages in his fifties。.

【注】“十幾歲”要用in one’s teens而不是in one’s tens。

算式表達

1.加法：

基數(shù)詞+ and / plus +基數(shù)詞+ is +總數(shù)

Seven and / plus eight is fifteen.

(7+8=15)

2.減法：

基數(shù)詞+ minus +基數(shù)詞+ is +總數(shù)

Ten minus two is eight.

3.乘法：

基數(shù)詞+ times +基數(shù)詞+ is +總數(shù)

Nine times three is twenty-seven.

4.除法：

基數(shù)詞+ divided by + 基數(shù)詞+ is +總數(shù)

Thirty-two divided by four is eight.

What / How much is one plus three？

【注】如果問“一加三等于多少”，可用

量詞

特點一：

1.表示定量的量詞詞組，譬如：

a couple of(兩個、一對)

a couple of days

a couple of players

a couple of times

a cupful of(一滿杯)

a cupful of jelly

a cupful of water

2.表示不定量的量詞詞組，譬如：

a majority of(大多數(shù)/大半)

a majority of opinions

a majority of votes

3.表示大量的量詞詞組，譬如：

a flood of

a flood of ink(洋洋大篇)

a flood of tears(淚如泉涌)

a heap of

a heap of earth(一堆泥土)

a heap of customers(許多顧客)

a mountain of

a mountain of debts(債臺高筑)

a mountain of difficulties(困難重重)

4.表示少量的量詞詞組，譬如：

a drop of

a drop of fever(有點熱度)

a drop of dew(一點露水)

特點二：有些數(shù)量詞組修飾可數(shù)名詞，有些數(shù)量詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞，還有些則兩者均可修飾。

1.修飾不可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組，譬如：

a bit of

a bit of English(一點英語)

a bit of good advice(一些好意見)

a bit of interest(一點興趣)

a sheet of

a sheet of glass(一塊玻璃)

a sheet of water(一片汪洋)

2.修飾可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組，譬如：

a string of

a string of pearls(一串珠子)

a string of curses(連續(xù)不斷的咒罵)

a string of excuses(一連串借口)

3.修飾(不)可數(shù)名詞的量詞詞組，譬如：

a block of

a block of ice(一大塊冰)

a block of flats(一幢公寓)

a block of houses(一排房子)

a chain of

a chain of ideas(一系列想法)

a chain of accidents(一連串事故)

a chain of proof(一連串證據(jù))

特點三：有些數(shù)量詞組的搭配是固定的，而有些搭配則比較靈活。

1.搭配固定的量詞詞組，譬如：

a barrel of

a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒)

a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油)

a basket of

a basket of eggs(一籃雞蛋)

a basket of apples(一籃蘋果)

a line of

a line of trees(一行樹)

a line of poetry(一行詩)

2.搭配較靈活的量詞詞組，譬如：

a piece of

a piece of paper(一張紙)

a piece of furniture(一件家具)

a piece of equipment(一臺設(shè)備)

a round of

a round of spirit(一巡酒)

a round of diplomatic talks(一輪外交談判)

a round of toast(一片烤面包)

a bar of

a bar of chocolate(一塊巧克力)

a bar of soap(一條肥皂)

a bar of light(一束光)

練習(xí)

1. Lincoln was born on ________.

A. February 12, 1809

B. 1809, February 12

C. 1809, 12 February

D. February 1809,12

2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.

A. ten-year-old

B. ten years old

C. ten-year-old

D. fifth years old

3. An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men.

A. two B. the second

C. the two D. second

4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.

A. 16 B. the 16

C. 16th D. the 16th

5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?

A. two B. the two

C. second D. the second

6. ---How many students are there in your class?

--- ________.

A. Twenty nine

B. Thirty and two

C. Forty-five

D. fifties

7. Which number is wrong? _______.

A. Ninety B. Ninteen

C. Ninth D. Nineteenth

8. The People’s Liberation Army was founded _______.

A. on August 1, 1927

B. in 1927, 1 August

C. on August 1st, 1927

D. in August 1, 1927

9. The number 4,123 is read _______.

A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three

B.four thousand and one hundred twenty-three

C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three

D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three

10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.

A. in his sixty B. in his sixties

C. in sixties D. in the sixty

11. This classroom is ________ ours.

A. three times big as

B. as three times big as

C. three times as big as

D. as big three times as

12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.

A. three B. third

C. the three D. the third

13. Which is the car that he drives? It’s ________.

A. fifty two

B. the fifty-two cars

C. the car fifty four

D. the fifty-fourth car

14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.

A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy.

B. He is at the age of 15.

C. He is a boy of 15.

D. He is fifteen year old.

15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.

A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred

C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of

16. ----How many new words are there in ________ lesson?

----There are only _________.

A. five; fifth

B. fifth; five

C. the fifth; the five

D. the fifth; five

17. ________, Coca-Cola began to enter China’s market.

A. In 1970’s B. In 1970s

C. In the 1970s’ D. In the 1970s

18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.

A. ten miles walk

B. ten-mile walk

C. ten mile’s walk

D. tenth mile walk

19. Today is the first day and ________.

A. Tuesday is fourth

B. Thursday is the fourth

C. second is Tuesday

D. a second is Thursday

20. Which room do you live in? ________.

A. The 201 Room B. Room 201

C. Room 201st D. The 201’s Room

答案

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A

6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B

11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15.

B 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. B

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