初中英語中常用介詞和介詞重難點(diǎn)

理解介詞概念，關(guān)鍵是個(gè)“介”字。介質(zhì)、媒介、介紹、中介等等可以大致反映出介的含義：的作用，在英語中，借此主要起到把名詞和其他句子成分聯(lián)系起來的作用。介詞后面跟名詞(包括代替名詞的代詞和動(dòng)名詞)，是初中英語乃至高中英語中介詞使用的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容!

這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：介詞+介詞賓語(名詞、賓格代詞、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng))，就是介詞短語，介詞不能獨(dú)立用作句子成分，但介詞短語可以。

二、常用介詞

1)表示地點(diǎn)，表示大地點(diǎn)。She’s in China with her mom and dad.2)表示時(shí)間，表示在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)The weather is cold in winter.3)表示顏色和語言也用介詞in。Do you know the girl in red? I can write this article in English.

2

1)come from 來自......I come from China and I’m Chinese.2) download from從......下載I download music from the Internet.3) be different from 與......不同Lily’s habits are different from Linda’s.

3. with

1) with sb和......人在一起I’m in Class One with Daming and Lingling. 2)with sth.表示用某種工具I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes.

4. at

1)表地點(diǎn)，主小地點(diǎn)。My father is a teacher at Beijing International School.

2)表時(shí)間，主指時(shí)間的一個(gè)點(diǎn)。I get up at half past seven in the morning.

3) be good at　擅長(zhǎng)于......I am good at reading and writing.The classrooms are behind the offices.

6. next to

The library is next to the classrooms.

7. in front of

They are in front of Tony and Daming.

8. for

Thank you for your email.

9. on

1)表示時(shí)間，表示具體的一天。Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?2)表示地點(diǎn)on the farm on the playground

10. to

1)talk to與......談?wù)揥e have a break and I talk to my friends.2) go to去He likes films and he often goes to the cinema.3)welcome to歡迎到......Welcome to Beijing Zoo.4)listen to聽They always listen to music.5)connect......to.和...連接一起Please connect the monitor to the computer first.

三．常用的介詞的區(qū)別：

1. in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi)，如Fujian is in the southeast of China.

2. to表示A地在B地范圍之外(有距離)，如：Japan lies to the east of China.3. on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰，如：Henan is on the northof Hubei.(1)時(shí)間的點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。They came home at noon(at sunrise, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak).(2)較短暫的一段時(shí)間。可指某個(gè)節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子。He went home at New Year(at Christmas, at the Spring Festival).

2. in

(1)在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間(如世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)內(nèi)。in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening

(2)在一段時(shí)間之后。一般用于將來時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“在……以后”。 He will arrive in two hours.

(3)謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，in意為“在……以內(nèi)”。These products will be made in a month.

3. on

(1)具體的時(shí)日和一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間，如某日、節(jié)日、星期幾等,On Christmas Day there will be a party.(2)在某個(gè)特定的早晨、下午或晚上。He arrived at 8o’clock on the night of Friday.(3)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)。If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark.

4. by

(1)不遲于，在(某時(shí))前。如：He will come by six o’clock.(2)在……間，在……的時(shí)候。如：He worked by day and studied by night.Suzhou is near Shanghai.

2. by

但beside比by更具體地表示出“在……旁邊”的意思。He was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river.

3. at

，而by和beside僅表示位置關(guān)系。如：The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music.1. at表示地點(diǎn)：(1)用于指較小的地方。arrive at，接小地方I will wait for you at the station.(2)用于門牌號(hào)碼前。He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road.

2. in表示地點(diǎn)：arrive in 接較大地方He lives in Shanghai.3. on表示地點(diǎn)，一般指與面或線接觸，意為“在……上;在……旁”。The picture was hanging on the wall.

⑤

1. besides表示“除了……以外，還有……”，具有附加性質(zhì)。如：Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film.注意：besides用于否定句中時(shí)，與except, but同義，可互換。如：We have no other books besides / except these.

2. except表示“……除外”，具有排它性質(zhì)。如：We all went to see the film except xiaoming.(王先生沒去)

3. but

。Nobody knew it but me.

⑥

1. above指“……上方”，表示相對(duì)高度，不一定在正上方，其反義詞為below。We’re flying above the clouds.

2. over指“在……正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反義詞為under。The bridge is over the river.

3. on表示“在……上面”，與物體表面接觸，與beneath相對(duì)。There is a map on the wall.

⑦

4. up表示動(dòng)作的方向往上，反義詞為down。如：Please stand up1. with表示原因，指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部，意為“因?yàn)?由于”。The little girl was shivering with cold.

2. from表示動(dòng)機(jī)、疲勞、痛苦等原因。She did it from a sense of duty.

3. for常表示為了某一目的、事業(yè)的原因。I do apologize for keeping you waiting.

⑧．

4. at表示原因，指“聽到;看到;想到”等。At the news they felt very glad.試比較：It's impossible for me to watch TV after eleven o'clock. It's kind of you to help me.兩句中介詞的選擇依據(jù)其前形容詞而定,一般來說,of之前的形容詞往往是用于描寫人的品質(zhì)的好壞，人自身的特點(diǎn)，如聰明與否，細(xì)心與粗心等;for之前的形容詞用于描寫事物的特點(diǎn)，如可能性，必然性，難易程度等。by表示"以...的方式，方法，手段"和"乘某種交通工具";with指"借助于具體的手段或工具";in表示"以......方式，用語言，文字等媒介"。I solved the problem by this way. I cut the apple with a knife. He speaks with us in English.這兩個(gè)介詞都可以表示時(shí)間"在以后"的意思。其區(qū)別是：after以過去為起點(diǎn)，表示過去一段時(shí)間之后，常用于過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子;in以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來一段時(shí)間以后，常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)的句子。

I went home after 10 o'clock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.

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