來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò )資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2020-02-26 17:07:13
(2)“should +have done /been”表示“本應當做某事,而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做”;
“ shouldn't+完成式”表示“本來(lái)不應當做,而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結構常帶有說(shuō)話(huà)者的責備的感情色彩。
如:You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).
You shouldn't have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then).
(3)“needn't+完成式”表示“本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做某事,而實(shí)際上卻做了”。如:There was plenty of time.She needn't have hurried.
(4)“can't /couldn't+have done /been”表示“過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過(guò)某種狀態(tài)”。
如:I saw him just now.He can't have gone to Japan.
She said the man couldn't have stolen her car.
(5)“could+have done/been”表示“過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠,可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài),而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有”,說(shuō)話(huà)者有些遺憾。“could sb. have done /been-------?”是它的問(wèn)句形式。
如:You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel.) Could Mr Li have helped this girl student?
(6)“may/might+完成式”表示“過(guò)去可能,本來(lái)可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有干”,might的可能性較小,語(yǔ)氣較弱。
如:He may have finished reading the book.
She might have given you some help,however bus she was.
05
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混點(diǎn)歸納
易混點(diǎn)一:can和be able to
兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和過(guò)去式“could”兩種形式,在其他時(shí)態(tài)中 要用be able to 來(lái)表示。另外be able to 常常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力,花費了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。
Jim can't speak English.吉姆不會(huì )說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
He could speak English at 5. 他五歲時(shí)就會(huì )說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
We'll be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會(huì )見(jiàn)到他。
He has been able to drive. 他已經(jīng)會(huì )開(kāi)車(chē)了。
I'm sure you'll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。
We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我們能在中午到達山頂。
易混點(diǎn)二:can和may
1.can 和 may 均可用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)或許可,意為“可以”, 一般可互換使用。如:Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎?
2.can 和may 表示可能性時(shí)的區別:
(1)在肯定句中用 might,may,must,不用can
(2)在疑問(wèn)句中表示推測用can,不用 might,may,must
(3)在否定句中用can't(不可能), 不用 may, must。如:She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。Where can they be now? 他們現在可能在哪兒?That can't be true. 那不可能是真的。
易混點(diǎn)三:may be 和maybe
may be的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,be為動(dòng)詞原形,在句中作謂語(yǔ);
maybe是副詞,意思為大概、也許,相當于perhaps,用在句首,作狀語(yǔ)。
例如:He may be wrong,but I’m not sure. 也許他錯了,但我也不確定。
易混點(diǎn)四:can't 和 mustn't
1.can't 根據其基本用法可譯為:
(1)不會(huì )。如:I can't speak English . 我不會(huì )說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
(2)不能。如:We can't do it now because it's too dark.天太黑了,我們現在干不了。
(3)否定句中表示推測。“不可能”,如:The man can't be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那個(gè)人不可能是咱們老師,他年輕得多。
2.mustn't 意為“ 禁止、不許”, 用來(lái)表達命令,表示強烈的語(yǔ)氣。
You mustn't play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.
你不可以在街上踢足球,太危險了。
易混點(diǎn)五:must 和 have to
1.must 側重于個(gè)人意志和主觀(guān)上的必要。have to 側重于客觀(guān)上的必要,可用于現在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。
I know I must study hard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厲害,我只得半夜里把醫生請來(lái)。
I haven't got any money with me,so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上沒(méi)帶錢(qián),只好向朋友借點(diǎn)了。
He said they must work hard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。
2.have to可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài);而must只用于一般現在或將來(lái)。
如:The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
易混點(diǎn)六:used to do/be used to doing/be used to do…/be used for doing sth
used to do表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強調過(guò)去,只用于過(guò)去,注意用to do,不用doing形式;而be used to doing意為“習慣做…”,be可有各種時(shí)態(tài);be used to do意為“……被使用去做……” 為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式;be used for doing sth“用作……” 。
如:My father used to eating meat.我父親過(guò)去起床晚,但現在不得不早起了。
She is used to eating meat.她習慣吃肉。
He wasn't used to eating in a restaurant.他不習慣在飯店吃飯。
A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來(lái)割東西) A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來(lái)割東西)
06
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例題解析
1.—________ you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the phone number.
—Sure. Here it is.
A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must
【解析】由題干可知,本句表示請求、許可。答案:A。
2.—May I go to the cinema, mum?
—Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o'clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
【解析】由題意可知, 此處并非表推測的用法, 而是媽媽對孩子提出的要求, 故選C, 意為“必須”。答案:C。
3.You ______ get there by bus.
A.don't need B.needn't to C.don't need to D.need don't to
【解析】由選項A 可知need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,故應加上to才正確。選項 B的needn't為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,應去掉to,故選 C。
4.You _______ worry about me. It's nothing serious.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't
【解析】由題干It's nothing serious可推斷,第一句意為“你不必為我擔心”,故選C。本題易錯選B, mustn't 意為“禁止”,故不正確。答案:C。
5.—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Please?
—Sorry, I'm not sure. But it _______ be.
A. might B.mustn't C.can't D.must
【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might 表推測的用法。“I'm not sure” 說(shuō)明說(shuō)話(huà)者的語(yǔ)氣并不肯定,所以要用might。答案:A
6.The man in the office___be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.
A.mustn't B.may not C.can't D.needn't
【解析】由下文 he went home just now可知,作者判斷辦公室里那個(gè)人(不可能是Mr.Black。mustn't意為“千萬(wàn)別”,may not意為“可能不”,needn't意為“不必”。can't意為不可能,故選C。
07
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數的變化,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞須用原形,否定式構成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 "not"。
個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式,過(guò)去式用來(lái)表達更加客氣,委婉的語(yǔ)氣,時(shí)態(tài)性不強,可用于過(guò)去,現在或將來(lái)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞,故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
He could be here soon.他很快就來(lái)。
We can't carry the heavy box.我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.對不起,我幫不上你。
1.基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區別之一是:
基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義,能表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法,或表示主觀(guān)設想:
What have you been doing since? (構成完成進(jìn)行體,本身無(wú)詞義)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或許已經(jīng))
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