來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò )資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2020-02-18 16:27:31
dare的用法
dare意為“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有兩種詞性:
1.dare 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句中,無(wú)第三人稱(chēng)單數形式,只有一般現在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎?
I daren't ask her,will you do it for me? 我可不敢問(wèn)她,你能幫我問(wèn)問(wèn)嗎?
2.dare 作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)有人稱(chēng)、數及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
He doesn't dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。
注意:在口語(yǔ)中,dare 的各種形式常與不帶to 的不定式連用。
如:Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告訴她我說(shuō)的話(huà)嗎?
I didn't dare look at him.我不敢看他。
shall的用法
shall表示征求對方意見(jiàn)(多用于第一、三人稱(chēng))。
如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我們出去散步好嗎?
在英語(yǔ)中,我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對方意見(jiàn)。
1.用“Let's do...”來(lái)提出建議。
如:Let's go for a walk after supper.
2.用“What/How about...?”來(lái)提出建議;about后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。
如:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?
3.用“Why not...?”來(lái)提出建議,表示“何不……”not面后接動(dòng)詞原形。
“Why not...?”實(shí)際上是“Why don't you/we...?”的簡(jiǎn)略形式。
如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?
4.用“Would you like...?”來(lái)提出建議,意思是“你想要……嗎?”Would you like后可接名詞或不定式。
如:Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?
因此,如果我們說(shuō):“去游泳好嗎?”英語(yǔ)中可有這樣幾種表達法:
Shall we go for a swim?
Let's go for a swim,shall we?
What about/How about going swimming?
Why not go for a swim?
Would you like to go for a swim?
What do you think of going for a swim?
should的用法
1.should 意為“應該”,可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責任等。如:We should protect the environment. 我們應該保護環(huán)境。
2.Should have done 表示對過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責備、批評。
如:You should have finished your homework.
你應該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。(事實(shí)上你沒(méi)有完成。)
will的用法
will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多種人稱(chēng)。
如:I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就會(huì )幫你。
注意:1.will在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。
由于“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”的結構可以用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示,所以there be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)的形式就是there will be。(一定不能說(shuō)there will have)
例如:There are many students in our school. →There will be many students in our school.
There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能說(shuō):There will have a sports meeting next week.
2.will 與be going to do sth區別:
(1)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情,will 表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠一些。
He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.
(2)be going to 表示根據主觀(guān)判斷將來(lái)肯定發(fā)生的事情,will表示客觀(guān)上將來(lái)勢必發(fā)生的事情。
He is seriously ill.He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.
(3)be going to 含有“計劃,準備”的意思,而 will 則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思。
如:She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.
(4)在有條件從句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will。如:If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
had better的用法
had better意為“最好”,沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)的變化,后面接不帶to的不定式,其否定形式為:had better not。
如:We had better go now. 我們最好現在就走。
You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把這本書(shū)給他。
02
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句的回答
1.對may引出的問(wèn)句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes,you may.
Yes,of course.
Yes,certainly.
Sure.
No,you mustn’t. No, you can’t.
2.對must引出的疑問(wèn)句,回答方式為:
Yes,…must.
No,…needn't/ don't have to.
3.could在疑問(wèn)句中,表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣,此時(shí) could 沒(méi)有過(guò)去式的意思。
Could you do me a favour? 你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎?
—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?
—Yes,you can.可以。(注意回答)
4.shall引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱(chēng),表示征求對方意見(jiàn)或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種:
Yes,please.
All right.
No,thank you.
5.would you…的回答方式有以下幾種:
Yes,I will. (No, I won't.)
Sure. (I’m sorry , I can't.)
All right/ OK/ With pleasure.
Certainly. (No, thank you .)
Yes, please.
【例題】—Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? —________.
A.That’s right B.With pleasure
C.It doesn’t matter D.No trouble
【解析】A. 意為“對了” ,B.意為“ 樂(lè )意效勞”, C. 意為“ 沒(méi)關(guān)系” D.意為“不費事”。答案為B。
03
不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同
1.can的否定式can't
(1)can't可譯為“不會(huì )”,如:I can't play basketball. 我不會(huì )打籃球。
(2)當句子表推測時(shí),用can’t 表達不可能,如:He can't be ill.He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了,他正和Tom下棋呢。
(3)can't 還可用來(lái)回答“ May I…? ” 這樣的問(wèn)句。如:May I come in ? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?No, you mustn't. / can't. 不,你不能。
(4)can't 還可用于固定習語(yǔ)中。can't help doing 禁不住,…情不自禁… can't wait to do sth 迫不及待…如:She can't help crying. 她不禁大哭起來(lái)。The children can't wait to open the box. 孩子們迫不及待地想打開(kāi)盒子。
2.may的否定式為may not,譯成“ 可能不”,如:He may not be at home. 他也許不在家。
3.must的否定式mustn't
(1)mustn't表示不許,不可。
如:He mustn't leave his room.他不許離開(kāi)他的房間。
You mustn't talk in class. 你們不可以在課上說(shuō)話(huà)。
(2)mustn't也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。
如:—May I stand here?我可以站在這里嗎?
—No, you mustn't (can't).不,不行。
4.need的否定式needn't
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