7. This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
要點(diǎn) 該句的主干結構是This trend began during the Second World War,when……。when引導定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the Second World War.that the specific……detail是conclusion的同位語(yǔ)從句，在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定語(yǔ)從句。該定語(yǔ)從句放在其先行詞 demands和of介詞短語(yǔ)之間，造成句子的割裂。翻譯時(shí)，可把被割裂的部分還原。
譯文 這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰期間，當時(shí)一些國家的政府得出這樣的結論：政府要向科研機構提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預見(jiàn)的。
8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.
要點(diǎn) 整個(gè)of短語(yǔ)作observations的定語(yǔ)，相當于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made.因為定語(yǔ)太長(cháng)，所以將其置于動(dòng)詞之后，以避免句子頭重腳輕。這樣就造成了句子的割裂，翻譯時(shí)應將被割裂的部分還原。preschool：學(xué)前的。
譯文 人們對孩子們在學(xué)前班和小學(xué)一年級開(kāi)始時(shí)和結束時(shí)的情況都曾進(jìn)行過(guò)觀(guān)察。
9. Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
要點(diǎn) 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。Whether to……situation是本句的主語(yǔ)，depends是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，兩個(gè)upon后面是賓語(yǔ)。availability在句中是指“測試和信息容易得到或找到”。therefore是副詞，插在depends 和upon……之間，造成它們在結構上的割裂。翻譯時(shí)，可把therefore提到句首。
譯文 因此，究竟是采用測試還是其他種類(lèi)的信息，或是在某一特定情況下兩者并用，須憑從有關(guān)相對效度的經(jīng)驗中得出的證據而定，也取決于諸如費用和有無(wú)采用的可能性等因素。
10. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
要點(diǎn) 該句的主干結構是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all……into a woman……。preached by……magazine是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作the philosophy of having it all的定語(yǔ)，插在from……into之中，造成了句子的割裂。翻譯時(shí)，可把分詞短語(yǔ)譯成一個(gè)分句，其他照原文順序翻譯。
譯文 我從一個(gè)“全力以赴”的生活哲學(xué)——在過(guò)去七年里林達?凱爾西一直在《女性》雜志鼓吹這種生活方式——的積極倡導者，一改而成為隨遇而安的女人。
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